N'ime afọ Soviet, ndị isi obodo na mpaghara na-elebara anya na mmepe nke nkwụghachi ala. Otú ọ dị, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke narị afọ gara aga, usoro ịgba mmiri na-akwụsị ịrụ ọrụ, iwu nke ọhụrụ na nrụzi nke usoro mgbake ochie kwụsịrị, ọtụtụ n'ime igwe ndị na-efesa ihe na-ekpofu.
The frequent cases of drought at the beginning of the new millennium accelerated the solution of land irrigation issues. More about this – in an interview with the director of the federal state budgetary institution “Tatmeliovodkhoz” Mars Hismatullin.
– Mars Mansurovich, land reclamation is getting back on its feet and becoming the key to the development of domestic agriculture. How does our republic look against the background of other regions?
– Tatarstan melioration system is recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia as one of the best in the country. Over the past ten years, we have commissioned 32 thousand hectares of irrigated land, overhauled more than 480 artificial ponds and hydraulic structures built back in the days when the reclamation industry was supervised by the first President of Tatarstan Mintimer Shaimiev.
Tatarstan bụ mpaghara ọrụ ugbo dị ize ndụ, naanị usoro mweghachi ala nwere ike belata kpamkpam ma ọ bụ belata ihe egwu ndị a. N'otu oge ahụ, mba ahụ nwere ọtụtụ uru dị ịrịba ama na ọganihu na-aga nke ọma nke nchịkọta ala, nke na-adịghị na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
Nke mbụ, ndị a bụ akụ mmiri: anyị nwere ihe dị ka puku iri puku nnukwu na obere osimiri, yana ihe karịrị ọdọ mmiri 10 na ụlọ hydraulic wuru. Mmiri mmiri ndị dị ugbu a na-eme ka o kwe omume inye ihe ubi maka ihe karịrị 880 puku hectare ala.
In addition, all construction units and the system of training qualified personnel who professionally cope with the tasks have been preserved in Tatarstan. A significant advantage is also the presence of an irrigation equipment plant in the Vysokogorsky district, which produces modern circular sprinkler machines. Mars KHISMATULLIN, Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Tatmeliovodkhoz Management”: Regional and federal land reclamation programs can greatly ease the financial burden of farms.
- Kedu ka anyị ga-esi nyochaa ntinye aka nke Tatarstan meliorators iji hụ na nchekwa nri na nri dị?
– Judge for yourself: in the dry 2010, we did not have a crop of all crops, especially potatoes. The republic was forced to import it from Belarus, the Kirov region and other regions of the country. The year 2021 was very similar in climatic parameters to 2010, however, thanks to the measures taken to develop land reclamation, Tatarstan received a potato harvest that was enough to fully provide its own population. The yield for all other crops in irrigated areas was three to four times higher, and the cost price was more than two times lower than usual. In terms of grain crops last year, 10-12 rubles of additional products were received for one ruble of irrigation costs, and vegetable crops – more than 30-40 rubles.
- Obi abụọ adịghị ya, ịgba mmiri na-abawanye uru nke agribusiness ọtụtụ ugboro. Mana kedu ihe butere mweghachi na mmepe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke mweghachi ala?
– N’ezie, mmemme nkwado a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya maka ugbo na-emepe emepe mgbake ala. Na Tatarstan, e nwere mmemme ezubere iche maka ndị mba ofesi na gọọmentị etiti na-enye gị ohere ịkwado ọnụ ahịa ugbo. Na ọnụnọ nke imewe na atụmatụ akwụkwọ, ugbo na-subsidized si mmefu ego nke Republic of Tatarstan 100 percent nke itinye ego na-ewu na mmezi nke hydraulic owuwu. Na nke a na-nyere naanị na Tatarstan.
Also, 70 percent of the costs for the purchase of irrigation and pumping equipment, drilling wells are subsidized from the republican budget, and 50 percent of the costs for laying pipelines are compensated under the federal program. One-time costs for land reclamation are more than recouped in a year. It should be taken into account that the reclamation system will work for at least 20-25 years.
The following figures eloquently indicate how profitable it is for farmers to work on irrigation. Each hectare of irrigation, if it is built from scratch, costs about 200 thousand rubles. Taking into account subsidies of at least 70 percent, the costs will amount to 60 thousand rubles. And from each hectare when growing potatoes, subject to the technology, we receive additional products in the amount of 650 thousand rubles.
If an agricultural enterprise places at least ten percent of the feed wedge on irrigation, then it will provide itself with feed in any year. Even in such dry years as 2010 and 2021.
– Ego ole ka ọka toro na Republic na ogbugba mmiri n'ubi?
– As far as I know, it’s still quite a bit. The first one who came to mind was a farmer from the Tukayevsky district, Mintalip Minnikhanov. Last year, according to the scheme of alternating crops, 38 hectares of grain turned out to be irrigated. From each hectare, Minnikhanov received products worth 60 thousand rubles, and net profit minus all costs amounted to 50 thousand rubles per hectare. That’s the grain economy. As for potatoes and vegetables, he received 496 thousand rubles of net income from a hectare, and in general – about 32 million rubles.
Ndị 'gbalịlarị' mmemme ahụ na-agbalịsi ike ịnọgide na-etolite n'ahịrị nke iweghachi ala. Karịsịa, Nasim Davletov, onye ọrụ ugbo si obodo Verkhny Takerman na Menzelinsky district. N'iji ihe atụ ya, o doro anya na ọ ga-ekwe omume igosipụta ike akụ na ụba nke iji usoro sprinkler. Mgbe ọ na-agba mmiri, ọ natara pasent 80 nke poteto ndị a na-ere ahịa - 350 quintals kwa hectare, ndị ọzọ bụ obere ihe, nke, n'eziokwu, ọ bụghịdị mma igwu ala. Otu ihe ahụ na carrots: Ana m enweta 610 quintals kwa hectare mgbe m na-agba mmiri, na naanị 64 na-enweghị mmiri.
– Mintalip Minnikhanov, Nasim Davletov bụ ndị ọrụ ugbo ama ama na mba ahụ. Oleekwa otú ọ dị mfe maka ndị ọrụ ugbo nkịtị 'dabanyere' na mmemme steeti? Kedu ihe kwesịrị ịbụ ọnụọgụ nke akụ na ụba iji kwụọ ụgwọ ọrụ nkwụghachi ụgwọ?
– The scale doesn’t matter. To join the program, you need a water source – a river or pond. Today, almost 80 percent of farms have access to water and the ability to water at least some areas. You can even drill a well, but it allows you to irrigate only one or two hectares.
Next, you need a project. It is usually ordered from the Tatmelioration Trust Company. Such highly professional personnel work there that the design and estimate documentation prepared by them passes examination at the federal and republican levels without any problems. The costs of project documentation, as a rule, amount to about five percent of the cost of construction and installation work at the facility, while half of the costs are subsidized to farms within the framework of targeted programs.
Site n'ichepụta ihe dị njikere na akwụkwọ atụmatụ, ugbo nwere ike itinye akwụkwọ maka isonye na mmemme ahụ. Anọ m na-arụ ọrụ n'ọhịa nke nkwụghachi ala ihe karịrị afọ iri abụọ ma anaghị m echeta ikpe mgbe ụlọ ọrụ, nke nwere ọrụ dị njikere, emeghị ya ma ọ bụ na onye "ekweghị" n'ime mmemme ahụ. Otú ọ dị, n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, e nwere ndị ọzọ bureaucratic igbu oge - mbụ nhọrọ nke oru ngo a rụrụ site Ministry of Agriculture nke Russia, mgbe ahụ, Republican Agrarian Ministry ... isi nke m chere bụ na Gọọmenti na-akwado ugbo ozugbo, na-enye ego ha na-akwụ, ọ bụghịkwa ụlọ akụ na-enye ego mgbazinye.
Site n'ụzọ, imewe na atụmatụ akwụkwọ iwu bụ iwu naanị maka iwu nnukwu ụlọ nrụpụta, na n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ị nwere ike ime na-enweghị ya. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nwere ọdọ mmiri dị nso, ọ ga-ezuru ịzụta mgbapụta moto, eriri ma wụnye usoro ịgba mmiri mmiri. N'otu oge ahụ, ndị ọkachamara anyị ga-eme nyocha - ruo n'ókè nke ngwá ọrụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ahọrọ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya site n'echiche akụ na ụba na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. N'afọ gara aga, ndị ọrụ ugbo iri na abụọ zụtara akụrụngwa mgbake maka sistemu ogbugba mmiri na-ata mmiri wee nwetaghachi ego niile n'otu oge. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Ildar Sitdikov sitere n'ugbo "Berry Valley" nke mpaghara Zelenodolsk na-enweta ihe ọkụkụ dị ebube na mmiri mmiri mmiri - nde ise rubles site na hectare ọ bụla.
– Olee ọrụ ndị Tatarstan meliorators chere ihu taa?
- Atụmatụ maka ọdịnihu na-egbuke egbuke - ahọpụtara ọrụ anyị niile. N'ime usoro nke usoro ihe omume Republic, e kenyere 100 nde rubles maka ịzụrụ ngwá ọrụ. Nakwa n'afọ a, e nyere 150 nde rubles na mmefu ego nke mba maka nrụgharị, iwu na nhazi nke ọdọ mmiri. Ma ebe ọ bụ na nke a ịgba ezughị, anyị jụrụ President anyị maka ndị ọzọ ókè, na Rustam Nurgalievich (na-ekele ya nke ukwuu) ajụghị na ekenye ọzọ 50 nde rubles. Ya mere, na Disemba, a ga-enwe nhọrọ ọzọ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-enye aka na pasent 50 nke ọnụ ahịa nke ịmepụta netwọk mgbake site na pipeline.
Isi mmalite: https://rt-online.ru