Enwere usoro mmụta maka ịkọ akwụkwọ nri hydroponic, mana ịkụziri ndị ahịa gị ihe dị mkpa.
"Ịkpọ ndị isi nri na ndị ahịa ndị ọzọ ka ha gaa na griin haus enyerela aka," Lois Smucker nke Smucker Farms na Orrville, Ohio kwuru. Lois na di ya, Glen, nwere griin haus nke dị n'ụkwụ 30 n'ụkwụ 124 ma na-eto akwụkwọ nri n'oge oyi n'afọ niile.
"Ndị isi nri mgbe ụfọdụ na-eche na ị bụ nnukwu ụlọ nkwakọba ihe na ha nwere ike ịgbanwe usoro ha ngwa ngwa," Lois kwuru. "Anyị na-agwa ha, 'Ọ bụrụ na ị gbanwee menu gị, ị ga-enye anyị ọkwa izu asatọ ma ọ bụ na anyị enweghị ngwaahịa zuru ezu maka gị' na ha adịla mma na nke ahụ. Ọ na-enyere ha aka ịhụ ọrụ anyị.”
Ndị Smuckers na-ere na North Union Farmers Market na Cleveland na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa nri. Ndị Smuckers kesara ahụmịhe ha n'oge na-adịbeghị anya na Hydroponic Greenhouse Workshop na Ohio State University's Ohio Agricultural and Research Development Center na Wooster, Ohio.
Ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị mkpa.
"Anyị achọpụtala na ndị ahịa ga-azụta ọtụtụ isi letus," Lois kwuru. Ndị Smuckers malitere itolite basil na arugula, wee chọpụta na ha nwere ike ire ngwaahịa okpukpu abụọ. "Anyị nwere ike iweta 40 pound nke arugula kwa izu ma anyị nwere ike ree ya niile n'ahịa ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị isi nri," Lois kwuru. Ndị Smuckers na-etokwa letus Romaine, letus Bibb na letus leaf. "Anyị agbanweela kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, dabere n'ihe ndị ahịa na ndị isi nri chọrọ," Lois kwuru.
A na-ebufe isi letus na mgbọrọgwụ - ọbụlagodi na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. Nkwadebe tupu mbupu bụ iwepu akwụkwọ ọ bụla nwụrụ anwụ ma ọ bụ nke nwere agba, hichaa mgbọrọgwụ wee lelee isi maka ahụhụ.
"Ndị isi nri na-amasị mgbọrọgwụ n'ihi na letus na-adị ogologo oge," Lois kwuru. "A ghaghị ịkụziri ha na ị nwere ike ime ka mmiri dị n'ime ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ malite ịta ntakịrị."
Ndekọ mmepụta dị oke mkpa iji gboo mkpa. Basil nwere ike ịga ọnwa atọ tupu mkpa ịkụgharị ya. Arugula nwere ike ịga izu isii. A na-enwekarị ihe ọkụkụ ọhụrụ na-abịa, mana ị ga-amarịrị mgbe enwere ike iweta ihe ọkụkụ n'oge na-adịghị anya karịa ka e bu n'obi gboo mkpa dị mkpa. Lois kwuru, "Anyị ejirila ụfọdụ ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ruo afọ 10, enwere m ike inye aka kụziere onye isi nri ọhụrụ ego ole ha ga-achọ," Lois kwuru.
Ndị Smuckers wuru ụlọ griin ha mbụ na 1997 ka ha na-ekesa ugbo ha pụọ na ọrụ ugbo anụmanụ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, agbakwunyere ụlọ nkwakọba ihe. Ugbo ahụ anọwo n'ime ezinụlọ ihe karịrị 100 afọ na ọgbọ nke ise - ụmụ ụmụ Lois na Glen - na-enyere aka n'ugbo ahụ. Lois kwuru, sị: “Anyị akụzierela ha otú aphids dị. "Ha nwere ike ịrara n'okpuru tebụl dị mfe karịa ka anyị nwere ike."
Propane bụ ebe okpomọkụ mbụ na-esi enweta, ma a ga-ejupụta tankị ahụ ugboro isii n'afọ. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ugbo ahụ gbanwere ka ọ bụrụ ọka ọka na propane dị ka ndabere. Ndị Smuckers na-eto ọka nke ha ma ugbu a na-azụta otu tank nke propane otu afọ.
Kọmputa na-achịkwa okpomọkụ griin haus. A na-edobe ọkụ maka awa 14 nke ìhè anyanwụ kwa afọ. E tinyere oghere anyanwụ na 2016 iji jikwaa ụgwọ ọrụ ike, nke na-adị mfe na-agba ọsọ $ 1,800 kwa ọnwa na ọnwa oyi. Solar ebutela ụgwọ ọrụ ala ruo $100 kwa ọnwa.
Usoro izizi ahụ riri $88,000, mana nnukwu kredit ike na onyinye USDA wetara ọnụ ahịa ahụ ala nke ukwuu. Isi ihe iji nweta onyinye USDA bụ usoro ike anyanwụ adịghị ejikọta ya na ụlọ ndị dị n'ugbo na ọkụ eletrik niile a na-emepụta bụ maka ọrụ ugbo. Onye na-eweta akụrụngwa na-enyocha sistemu ahụ n'ime anya wee zaghachi mkpa ndozi n'akpọghị ya.
Ọrụ ahụ na-eji ọwa mmiri maka inine hydroponic na nke na-enyere aka ijikwa iru mmiri. Lois kwuru, sị: “Anyị enweghị ihe ọ bụla n'ala n'ihi na anyị enweghị tomato. "Anyị na-enweta ikuku n'elu na n'okpuru ihe ọkụkụ na enweghị mmiri dị ukwuu n'ala." Drains na-agba ọsọ ogologo nke griin haus n'etiti ala.
A na-amalite mkpụrụ osisi na rockwool. "Anyị nwere ike nweta 99 pasent germination," Lois kwuru. "Anyị na-eji aka na-akụ mkpụrụ, nke na-agwụ ike, mana ụmụ ụmụ amụtala inye aka na nke ahụ." A na-eji aka na-agba seedlings mmiri na mmalite nkebi na mmalite, mgbe ahụ, ogbugba mmiri n'ubi na-eweghara.
Enwere onye na-emepụta propane, CO2 generator maka nkwalite CO2.
Ndị Smuckers amụtala ka oge na-aga ka esi ejikwa isi iyi mmiri ha nke nwere ikike nchekwa dị elu site na calcium carbonate na ya. Glen kwuru, "Anyị nwere mkpụrụ osisi ndị na-anọ n'ime ụbọchị abụọ na-etobeghị. "EC (electrical conductivity) nọgidere na-anwale OK, mana n'ihi mmiri siri ike, osisi ahụ enwetaghị nitrogen zuru ezu."
Mgbalị mbụ na ngwọta bụ ịgbakwunye sulfuric acid n'ihi ịdị mfe nke iji na nchekwa. Sulfur toxicity wee malite igosi na a chọpụtara na mmiri siri ike nwere nnukwu sọlfọ. Mgbalị ọzọ bụ iji nitric acid iji nweta pH ruo 6.5, mana nke ukwuu ka a ga-eji mee ihe mmerụ ahụ. Ihe ngwọta emechara bụ iji fatịlaịza nitrogen jikwaa pH mmiri.
"Ọnọdụ mmiri gị ga-adị nnọọ iche karịa nke anyị, yabụ ị ga-amụta mmiri nke gị," Glen kwuru. Ndị Smuckers na-amasị idobe pH n'etiti 6.5 na 7.0 iji hụ na enwere ike ịnweta nri zuru oke. A na-eji eriri 18-inch mee ihe maka tankị mmiri na-eji awa abụọ dị mma ncha oge ọ bụ ezie na abalị ka mma.
Igwe ọkụ eletrik (EC) na-anọ ihe dịka 1.3 ma ọ naghị agbanwe agbanwe site na okirikiri uto. "Osisi dị iche iche dị ka EC dị iche iche," Glen kwuru. Nzaghachi nke ihe ubi na EC na-ekpebi ebe etinyere ihe ubi n'ime ụlọ griin haus.
A gbakwunyere ala simenti na griin haus obere oge ka e wuchara ya iji nyere aka ịchịkwa ọrịa na igbochi ndanda ndị nwere ike ibute aphids.
IPM nwekwara usoro mmụta na griin haus. Iji kaadị nnyapade na enyo na-ebuli elu, ịghọta usoro ndụ ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa na mgbaàmà, yana usoro njikwa akara bụ akụkụ nke usoro a. Uru bara uru ịmata, kwa, ọkachasị maka aphids.
Glen kwuru, "Anyị buru ụzọ nwara ladybugs. Nsogbu a bụ na ị ga-adarịrị ụdị ladybug na aphid akọwapụtara. Ọ sịrị, "Ọ na-arụ ọrụ mana ọ naghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma." Ndị ladybugs gbakọtara n'ebe dị ọkụ n'ala na ebe ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe ihu igwe tụgharịrị.
E nwere parasitic wasps na-eri nri na aphids. Glen kwuru, "Aphids ahụ buru ibu ma anyị ga-eji ụdị ahịhịa dị iche iche maka aphids buru ibu," Glen kwuru. "Ị ghaghị ịkọwapụta kpọmkwem ụdị pests ị chọrọ ịchịkwa ma kwekọọ njikwa na pesti."
Ndị Smuckers na-ejikwa ncha ụmụ ahụhụ. Ha na-efesa pyrethroid aerosols iji kwatuo ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ ahụhụ na oke ikpe.
Lois kwuru, sị: “E nwere ọtụtụ ihe anyị ga-amụta. "Anyị gara klas na nke ahụ nyeere aka. Enwere akụrụngwa dị ebe ahụ iji nyere gị aka. "
- Dean Peterson, onye nta akụkọ VGN
N'elu: Lois Smucker, aka ekpe na di ya, Glen, na-eto akwụkwọ nri hydroponic kwa afọ na Smucker Farms. Ha agbasawanye ahịrị ngwaahịa ha gụnyere basil, arugula, letus Romaine, letus bibb na letus leaf. Foto: Dean Peterson